Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects over 3.5 million Australians and is a common health complication in people living with obesity. We previously developed a weight management Program focused on Sleep, Lifestyle, Energy, Eating and Exercise (SLEEEP)1. We used the RE-AIM framework to evaluate routine implementation of SLEEEP in a hospital Sleep Disorders Unit (SDU).
Methods: A hybrid type-2 implementation study with co-primary aims to determine SLEEEP effectiveness and implementation feasibility. All patients aged 18-65 with OSA and obesity attending Royal Prince Alfred Hospital SDU, NSW were considered for participation, (HREC/18/RPAH/727).
A study dietitian supervised patients in a very low energy diet (VLED), followed by a 3–9-month maintenance program. Mixed methods included pre/post-implementation stakeholder meetings, surveys, interviews and administrative data exploring barriers, facilitators and service perception,.
Results:
Reach: retrospective electronic medical record audit between 2017-2019 (n=2067) indicated 77% of people attending the SDU were overweight/obese and 49% had moderate-severe OSA. Despite 33% being eligible for Metabolism and Obesity Services, 4% were referred. SLEEEP recruited 50 patients, 36 completed the VLED phase and 34 completed 6-month follow up.
Effectiveness: Patients experienced enhanced weight loss outcomes. Six month weight loss was 14.8±10.1 kg (14%,n=34) and OSA reduced by 34% (n=14).
Adoption: Exit surveys and focus groups indicated positive uptake and constructive review. Clinicians sustained engagement and supported service retention for improved clinical outcomes.
Implementation: Of the 664 patients considered, 163 (24.5%) were referred in a cumulative period of 10 months. Barriers included consultation space and COVID-19 shutdown related telehealth adaptation and recruitment cessation.
Maintenance: The program established clear pathways for future referral to obesity services beyond the embedded program. Evaluating long-term uptake and health indicators was challenging due to a lack of departmental champion.
Conclusions: The positive uptake, effectiveness and streamlining of SLEEEP provide adequate basis for intervention upscaling.