Overweight and obesity is a major burden amongst children both nationally and internationally. Children consume 30-50% of their daily dietary intake at school, however studies have highlighted that food consumed at school is inconsistent with national dietary guidelines. Systematic revies have found school-based programs targeted at improving the dietary intake of children to be effective, but few have shown effectiveness at large scale. SWAP IT is an effective, school-based nutrition program targeted at improving the dietary intake of children through lunchboxes. SWAP IT represents a highly scalable, effective and cost-effective intervention with significant potential to improve population-level dietary intake of children and therefore overweight and obesity prevalence. In order to effectively scale-up SWAP IT, frameworks and models highlight the need to identify determinants of end users to adoption.
A cross-sectional study was conducted with school principals across 11 NSW Local Health Districts (LHDs). Principals were invited to complete an online/telephone survey to identify perceived barriers and enables to adopting SWAP IT. Findings were analysed using descriptive statistics and mapped to the relevant constructs of adoption by Wisdom and colleagues. Strategies were developed to address each relevant adoption construct and embed behavioural change techniques.
160 principals participated in the survey. Barriers most frequently identified by school principals included: “Expected workload for staff” (n=52, 32%), “Perception that parents and caregivers don’t think it is the school’s place to provide this information” (n=31, 19%), “Food insecurity is a greater priority” (n=13, 8%) and "No barriers" (n=13, 8%). The most frequently identified enablers included: “Keep the program free” (n=60, 38%), “Show evidence that the SWAP IT supports the development of healthy habits in children” (n=18, 11%) and “Make the registration process easy” (n=12, 8%). Findings from this study have informed the development and selection of scale-up strategies to maximise the adoption of SWAP IT.